Abstract: In order to explore the effect of salinity on soil nutrient bacteria and fungi under different saline rural sewage irrigation, this study uses the Salinity Standard for Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality (GB 5084-2021) as the median and sets seven different salinity gradients, namely ZCK (0 g/L), ZRW (Raw water) (0.2 g/L), ZW1 (0.5 g/L), ZW2 (0.8 g/L), ZW3 (1.2 g/L), ZW4 (1.6 g/L), ZW5 (2.0 g/L). High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to study the effect of salt on soil bacteria, fungi diversity and community composition structure. The results showed that: (1) Total salt in soil showed an significantly negative correlation with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter. (2) The irrigation salinity was within 0-2 g/L, and sodium ion was significantly negatively correlated with the bacterial Chao1 index and Shannon-Wiener index (P<0.01). Total salt and calcium ions were significantly positively correlated with fungal Shannon-Wiener index, Chao1 index and ACE index (P<0.05). Low salinity (<1 g/L) irrigation had no significant effect on soil bacteria Shannon-Wiener, Chao1 and ACE index. High salinity (>1 g/L) significantly reduced the Shannon-Wiener index of soil bacteria, and both high and low salinity concentrations had a significantly positive correlation with the Shannon-Wiener index of soil fungi (P<0.01). (3) Overall, soil bacteria were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi, and the dominant genera were Arthrobacter, RB41, Gaiella, Rubrobacter and Sphingomonas. Soil fungi were dominated by Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota and the dominant genera were Mortierella, Neocosmospora, Metarhizium and Chaetomium. Compared with low salinity irrigation, high salinity irrigation significantly increased the relative abundance of soil Actinobacteria, Gaiella and Sphingomonas, and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Rubrobacter and RB41. (4) Magnesium and chloride ions in soil were the main ions affecting the dominant phyla of bacteria in 40 cm soil, the contribution of magnesium ion was higher than chloride, and fungi dominant phyla had no significant impact factor. The research shows that: high salinity (>1 g/L) can significantly reduce Shannon-Wiener index of the soil bacteria. For the soil fungi, high salinity (>1 g/L) significantly increase Shannon-Wiener index and Chao1 index. Magnesium ions and chloride ions in base ions are the main factors affecting the dominant phyla of bacteria. High salinity (>1 g/L) of the sewage irrigation can significantly affect the relative abundance of soil microbial communities. The metabolic pathways of soil bacteria under saline domestic sewage irrigation are membrane transport, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Fungal function prediction is mainly saprophytic and case trophic.