京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市臭氧的季节性变化规律

Seasonal Variation of Ozone in ‘2+26’ Cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and Surrounding Areas

  • 摘要: 城市臭氧(O3)污染已成为当前主要的大气污染问题之一,也是空气污染防控面临的新挑战. 然而,基于长时段连续监测数据的O3浓度季节性变化规律及成因解析仍较薄弱. 本文基于2014年3月1日—2021年2月28日空气质量在线监测平台日尺度数据,通过偏相关等方法探讨京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市O3的季节性变化规律. 结果表明:①“2+26”城市2014—2020年O3年均浓度上升速率为3.82 μg/(m3·a),呈现先上升后下降的趋势,下降速率小于上升速率;O3浓度的季节性变化特征表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季. ②2014—2020年O3轻度污染天数占比最大且呈上升趋势,除北京市外,其他城市夏季O3中度污染天数上升趋势明显. ③2017—2020年O3浓度与CO、NO2浓度的显著负相关性在夏季和冬季有所增强. O3与SO2浓度的关系由2014—2017年春季、夏季和秋季的显著负相关变为2017—2020年夏季和冬季的显著正相关(P<0.05). ④春季和秋季O3浓度与日均气温呈显著正相关,夏季和冬季O3浓度与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与日均风速的相关性则相对较弱. 研究显示,“2+26”城市O3污染协调治理成效显著,需在保持现有NOx控制力度基础上强化VOCs控制,加强SO2治理,进一步遏制夏季O3浓度上升.

     

    Abstract: O3 pollution has become one of the major environmental problems and a new challenge for air pollution prevention and control in China. However, seasonal variation of O3 concentration and its correlation with meteorological factors are still unclear due to the lack of monitoring data and knowledge. Based on the long-term monitoring data set from March 1st, 2014 to February 28th, 2021, seasonal variation of O3 in the ‘2+26’ cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and surrounding areas were analyzed by using partial correlation analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) The average annual increase of O3 concentration in the whole region was 3.82 μg/(m3·a) during 2014-2020, showing an obvious upward trend in the first stage and a slight downward trend in recently years. The seasonal change characteristics of O3 concentration were summer > spring > autumn > winter. (2) From 2014 to 2020, the days of mild pollution accounted for the largest proportion of O3 pollution days and had an obvious increase in summer. (3) The negative correlation between O3 and CO and NO2 increased in summer and winter, while the relationship between O3 and SO2 concentration changed from a significant negative correlation in spring, summer and autumn to a significant positive correlation in summer and winter. (4) There was a significant positive correlation between O3 concentration and daily average temperature in spring and autumn, a negative correlation with relative humidity in summer and winter. These findings will help to understand the underlying reasons for O3 variation and provide important information to guide targeted policy response to O3 pollution.

     

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