Abstract:
In order to investigate the pollution emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs in cremation flue gas after the implementation of the
Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory (GB 13801—2015) for the funeral and interment industry and its effect on the industry, we selected 32 crematories in the southern China, and studied the pollution levels, influence factors and emission factors of PCDD/Fs in flue gas. Then the effects after 4 years of implementation of the standards were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) The toxic equivalent concentration of PCDD/Fs was 0.033-7.4 ng/m
3, the average was 1.1 ng/m
3, and the total exceeding rate was 56.2%. Among them, the PCDD/Fs exceeding rate of car type crematories and flat crematories was 62.5% and 50.0%, respectively. Compared with the research results in this region before the implementation of GB 13801-2015, the average level of PCDD/Fs emissions in the crematories exhaust gas decreased significantly, indicating that the effect of PCDD/Fs pollution reduction was obvious, but the emission level and excess rate were still high. (2) The concentrations of PCDD/Fs emissions was closely related the presence or absence waste gas treatment processes, operation management level, and the amount of burial objects. The toxic equivalent concentration of PCDD/Fs in cremation exhaust gas that was missing or could not be operated normally was 0.32-7.4 ng/m
3, with an average value of 2.5 ng/m
3, and the excess rate was as high as 75.0%. When the crematory was in normal operation with activated carbon adsorption and bag filter (‘ACI+BF’), the PCDD/Fs toxicity equivalent concentration range was 0.033-4.5 ng/m
3, the average value was 0.83 ng/m
3, and the excess rate was 58.3%, which may be due to the low utilization rate, poor operation and inadequate maintenance of some treatment facilities. Fingerprint characteristics showed that the proportion of heptachloride and octachloro homologues was higher when there was no waste gas treatment process, and relatively high tetrachloro and pentachloro homologues with the process of ‘ACI+BF’. It was confirmed that this process combination mainly removed high-chlorinated homologues. (3) The PCDD/Fs emission factor of the exhaust gas from the crematories was 67.8-39,981 ng/corpse, with an average value of 4,217 ng/corpse, which was significantly lower than the 1
st and 2
nd level emission factors (90 μg/corpse, 10 μg/corpse) released by UNEP in 2005, but higher than the emission factor of optimized control measures (0.4 μg/corpse). Future efforts should be tailored to technical assistance for pollution abatement and update the industry emission factors for PCDD/Fs in cremation.