Abstract: Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is an effective way to alleviate the water resource crisis and is of great significance for improving the flexibility of water use. A scientific understanding of the environmental risks that multi-water sources and multi-pathways of MAR can bring is the key to ensure the sustainable MAR. Managed Aquifer Recharge has a significant degradation effect on pollutants, but it also has dual risks of direct and secondary pollution. The direct pollution mainly comes from the recharge water and the surface pollution sources of the recharge sites. The main pollution components are nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, organic carbon, salt, organic pollutants/emerging pollutants, pathogenic bacteria, etc. The first source of secondary pollution is the release of background components of aquifer sediments due to changes in conditions such as redox, dissolution/precipitation, and adsorption/desorption after recharge. The other is the leaching of residual pollution in the vadose zone caused by the rising groundwater table. The common pollution indicators are As, Mn, nitrate. The main measures to prevent direct pollution are the limitation of water quality standards for MAR and the management of surface pollution sources. For the pretreatment of water source, the reasonable matching of site geochemical conditions and water source components, and the scientific regulation of groundwater table threshold are the keys to prevent secondary pollution of MAR. In future research, it is necessary to further enhance the research on the migration and transformation mechanism of emerging pollutants and unconventional toxic components during recharge process, the long-term coupling effect of mineral components in aquifers and recharge water sources, and the optimization of recharge processes for multi component synergistic removal effects in order to ensure the safety of groundwater environment under different recharge conditions.