Abstract: In order to study the degree of hydraulic control of groundwater (the capture rate of back seepage water by the pumping well) in single-well pumping-percolation cycle and the influence mechanism of key factors on the degree of hydraulic control, a MODPATH groundwater flowline tracer model based on GMS simulation software was constructed. Based on the measured water level data of the laboratory-scale sand column physical model, combined with four different permeability coefficients of 0.009, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.09 cm/s hydrogeological conditions and four hydrodynamic conditions of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 cm³/s of pumping back seepage and four scenarios of 25, 30, 32 and 35 cm of back seepage radius, the migration trajectory of groundwater masses was simulated, the capture range of pumping wells was portrayed, the degree of hydraulic control of groundwater flow field by pumping wells was quantified, and the quantitative relationship between the degree of hydraulic control and key parameters was constructed. The results show that: (1) When the physical model of sand column reaches the pumping and percolation equilibrium flow rate of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 cm³/s, the capture rate is 95.63%, 97.69%, 97.93% and 98.17%, respectively. (2) The capture range of pumping wells in the physical model is smaller than the percolation range and the capture rate becomes larger with increasing flow rate. (3) When the re-infiltration range and aquifer permeability coefficient are fixed, both the capture range and capture rate increase with the increase of pumping-out-infiltration volume. (4) When the re-infiltration range and pumping-out-infiltration volume are fixed, both the capture range and capture rate decrease with the increase of aquifer permeability coefficient. (5) When the aquifer permeability coefficient and pumping-out-infiltration volume are fixed, both the capture range and capture rate decrease with the increase of re-infiltration range. (6) According to the fitting results of 64 scenarios, the degree of hydraulic control is related to the aquifer according to the fitting results of 64 scenarios. There is a quantitative relationship between the degree of hydraulic control and aquifer permeability strength, the size of pump-out-return seepage volume and retrieval radius η=100%×0.9ln(Q/K)−0.4R+104( η is the degree of hydraulic control (%), Q is the pump-out-return seepage volume, K is the aquifer permeability coefficient, and R is the retrieval radius). This study shows that there is a correspondence between the degree of hydraulic control of groundwater in single-well pumping-percolation cycle and the pumping-percolation volume, aquifer permeability coefficient, and percolation range, which can effectively guide the design of key parameters for achieving hydraulic control in field applications.