Abstract: In order to understand the research status and trends of aquatic microcosm, this study quantitatively analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on aquatic microcosm based on the statistics of publication volume, and used CiteSpace to extract keywords for cluster and timeline analysis. It was found that: (1) The number of foreign literature increased significantly in the 1990s, and the number of domestic literature increased significantly in the 2010s. (2) The proportion of domestic literatures increased from 16.1% in the 2010s to 26.1% in the 2020s. (3) ‘Ecotoxicology’ accounted for a large proportion in the study of aquatic microcosm. Ecotoxicology tests based on microcosm could reflect the toxicity effect at the community level. Compared with single species toxicity tests with the same exposure time, the toxicity data based on microcosm showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05). In addition, compared to single species toxicity tests, the mean value of microcosm tests decreased by 56%. Moreover, models were constructed using toxicity data of single species to predict microcosm toxicity and water quality parameters to estimate ecotoxicity effects of organic fungicides on aquatic microcosm. This study showed that domestic research on aquatic microcosm is gradually developing, and ecotoxicology has become the main research direction in foreign and domestic aquatic microcosm research. Compared with the single species toxicity test, the species in microcosm were more sensitive to pollutants under the influence of the interspecific relationship in microcosm toxicity test.