Abstract: In order to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and main influencing factors of industrial air pollution in key cities in Northwest China, the emissions of industrial SO₂, NO_x and smoke (powder) dust and social and economic data of 35 cities (study area) in this region from 2016 to 2020 were selected as the basic data sources. Global autocorrelation analysis, cold hot spot analysis and Log-mean Dieldahl Decomposition Model (LMDI) were used for analysis. The results show that: (1) The emissions of industrial air pollutants in the study area showed a downward trend in general, and the cities with high emissions significantly decreased. From 2016 to 2020, industrial SO₂, NO_x and smoke (powder) dust decreased by 57.08%, 33.77% and 9.35%, respectively, which had a big difference from the nation-wide emission efficiency 78.5%, 64.5% and 49.3%, respectively. (2) The overall level of spatial agglomeration of industrial pollutants in the research area is relatively low, mostly in a state of low agglomeration to high pollution. But the spatial correlation increased over time, and the Z(I) value of each pollutant in 2020 exceeded 1.96 and passed the significance test of P<0.05, which showed significant spatial autocorrelation. (3) The technology improvements have a significant inhibitory effect on industrial air pollution emissions in the study area. Economic development is always the primary driving factor to promote industrial air pollutant emissions. The effect of industrial structure has a certain impact on industrial air pollution emissions, which should be improved by strictly controlling the new production capacity of the ‘Two High’ industries, updating old equipment and eliminating backward production capacity. Population size effect has little impact on industrial air pollution emissions. The study shows that the spatial spillover of industrial pollution emissions in the study area is not significant, and it is mainly affected by the inhibitory effect of technological improvement and industrial structure effect and the promoting effect of economic development effect.