台风“南玛都”影响下的福州市臭氧污染成因及控制对策

Causes and Control Measures of Ozone Pollution in Fuzhou City under the Influence of Typhoon ‘Nanmadu’

  • 摘要: 2022年9月18—20日福州市发生了一次臭氧(O3)污染事件,11:00—14:00 O3浓度基本维持在160 μg/m3以上,且19日O3日最大8小时平均浓度达176 μg/m3. 这次污染事件可能与第14号台风“南玛都”的外围东北气流带来的海上O3污染传输有关. 本文利用2022年9月15—21日常规大气污染物浓度、VOCs组分浓度及气象监测数据,结合拉格朗日粒子扩散模型(LPDM模型)、区域空气质量模型(WRF-CMAQ模型)和基于观测的化学盒子模型(OBM模型)等多种手段对此次污染过程进行了分析,定量评估了海上O3传输贡献和福州市O3前体物减排效果. 结果表明:①基于∆Ox(光化学氧化剂小时浓度变化量)的结果显示,19日受东北风影响,近海高浓度O3气团传输至福州内陆,传输贡献为5~17 μg/m3,19日18:00—23:00海上O3污染气团对九龙站点的O3平均输送量达到6.0 μg/(m3·h). ②9月18—20日,福州市O3生成由VOCs与NOx协同控制区逐渐转为VOCs控制区,福州市VOCs与NOx减排比例在台风影响前期控制在1∶1,后期需增大VOCs减排量,减排比例调整为2∶1,以缓减污染天高温及自然源排放增加等不可控因素对O3污染贡献增加的影响. 研究显示,通过对NOx与VOCs排放管控进行科学动态调整,能够获得更好的管控效果.

     

    Abstract: From September 18th-20th, 2022, an ozone (O3) pollution episode occurred in Fuzhou. The O3 concentration from 11:00 to 14:00 remained above 160 μg/m³. On September 19th, 2022, the daily maximum 8-hour average O3 concentration reached 176 μg/m³. This episode may be related to the offshore O3 transport caused by the northeastern airflow in the periphery of Typhoon ‘Nanmadol’ No.14. Here, based on the concentrations of conventional atmospheric pollutants and VOCs components and meteorological data from September 15th to 21st, 2022, combined with the Lagrange particle diffusion model (LPDM), regional air quality model (WRF-CMAQ), and observation-based chemical box model (OBM), we analyzed the process of this O3 pollution episode, quantitatively assessed the contribution of maritime O3 transport and the effect of emission reduction of O3 precursors on O3 pollution, which can provide support for the prevention and control of O3 pollution in Fuzhou under the influence of typhoon systems. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Based on the ∆Ox (hourly concentration change of photochemistry oxidant) results, under the influence of the northeast wind, the air mass with high O3 concentrations from the offshore was transmitted to the inland of Fuzhou on 19th. The contribution of O3 transmission was about 5-17 μg/m3. From 18:00 to 23:00 on the 19th, the hourly transportation contribution to the Jiulong site reached 6.0 μg/(m3·h). (2) From September 18th to 20th, ozone generation in Fuzhou City gradually shifted from the VOCs and NOx synergistic control area to the VOCs control area. The emission reductions of VOCs and NOx in Fuzhou should be controlled at a ratio of 1∶1 in the early stage of typhoon influence. In the later stage, the emission reduction of VOCs should be increased, and the ratio should be adjusted to 2∶1 to mitigate the impact of uncontrollable factors such as high temperatures and the increased biogenic VOCs emissions on the O3 pollution in pollution days. The study found that better control can be achieved through scientific and dynamic adjustment of NOx and VOCs emission control.

     

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