Abstract: For cultivated land contaminated by cadmium (Cd), it is important to maintain planting attributes and regional economic levels by planting suitable commercial crops with low ecological risk assistive technologies to achieve the combination of phytoremediation and agricultural production. In order to study the effects of Pennisetum purpureum Schum assisted by tartaric acid and agronomic mowing on the remediation of severe soil Cd pollution, a field experiment was carried out in a Cd-polluted farmland in eastern Hunan Province. The effects of single or combined treatment of tartaric acid application (0, 1.25 and 2.5 mmol/kg) and agronomic cutting (0, 1 and 2 times) on soil basic physicochemical properties, Cd content of various plant tissues, biomass of plant, Cd extraction amount of plant and soil microbial community structure were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Pennisetum purpureum Schum planting, tartaric acid application and mowing reduced the soil pH by 0.07-0.47 units, reduced soil total Cd content by 0.62%-39.72%, and increased the soil available Cd content by 1.25%-27.25% relative to the background values. (2) The total biomass of Pennisetum purpureum Schum increased under the tartaric acid application while it decreased under the mowing treatments. But the last harvested plants had higher Cd level in their stems under the mowing treatments, and up to 8.94 mg/kg. (3) Under the 1.25 mmol/kg tartaric acid application with no mowing treatment, the abovementioned part of Pennisetum purpureum Schum had the largest biomass, with the biomass per unit area reaching 99.67 t/hm² (single plant reached 3.80 kg). At the same time, the extraction amount of Cd from abovementioned part of plant reached the maximum, reaching 213.58 g/hm² (single plant achieved 8.14 mg). (4) Tartaric acid and mowing treatments had no significant effect on soil microbial α-diversity, but 1.25 mmol/kg tartaric acid combined with two mowing significantly affected the microbial β-diversity. The results showed that the application of tartaric acid and mowing increased the Cd content in stems and leaves, and the plants treated with a single low dose tartaric acid had the largest Cd extraction amount. At the same time, tartaric acid and mowing treatments also affected the composition of soil microbial community to a certain extent. Therefore, when using Pennisetum purpureum Schum to extract soil Cd in the future, the 1.25 mmol/kg tartaric acid application without mowing treatment can be considered to improve the phytoremediation efficiency.