Abstract: Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant are the primary traits of transgenic maize, and rhizosphere bacteria are important monitoring targets for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants. The effects of transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genes on the structure and function of maize rhizosphere bacterial communities remains unclear. This study focused on two transgenic maize lines (HX and LD) and their parental lines, and analyzed the effects of transgenic trait on the structure and function of maize rhizosphere bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing technology combined with PICRUSt function prediction. The results showed that: (1) The transgenic trait had no significant effect on the composition and abundance of major bacterial phyla and genera, but significantly impacted the abundance of Nitrospiraea and certain bacterial genera such as Sphingomonas and Nitrospira. (2) Redundancy analysis revealed that soil pH, EC and available phosphorus significantly affected bacterial community structure, while the effect of the transgenic trait was not significant. (3) PICRUSt function prediction indicated that the transgenic trait had no significant effect on 31 secondary functions, including nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related functions. Conversely, the maize line and growth stage significantly affected 25 secondary functions, with the line being an important factor influencing nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related functions. The above results indicate that transgenic traits have no significant effect on the structure and function of maize rhizosphere bacterial community, while the effects of maize line and growth stage are more significant.