Abstract: Aerobic landfill reactor technology is important for accelerating the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) and serves as the basis for landfill remediation engineering. To further improve the landfill stabilization rate, this study proposes a microbial-enhanced aerobic landfill technology that combines aeration and inoculation methods. Five simulated landfill reactors were operated under anerobic, aerobic, and varying water content conditions (37.5%, 43.9%, 46.7% and 52.0%). During the 52-day degradation period, body temperature, weight, MSW water content and organic content were monitored . The microbial structures in the different landfill reactors were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing method, and their metabolic functions were predicted based on three databases. The results indicated that the landfill reactors with aeration and inoculation exhibited 6.38% to 25.28% higher organic content degradation compared to the anaerobic landfill reactor. The aerobic degradation process was divided into three stages based on body temperature changes: high-temperature stage, sub-high temperature stage, and stable temperature stage. When comparing degradation efficiency under different water content conditions, the aerobic reactor with low water content (37.5%) demonstrated a higher body temperature and organic content degradation rate, indicating more bio-heat production from microbial degradation activity. Further analysis of microbial diversity revealed that the inoculated microorganisms could survive in the aerobic landfill reactors. The phylum Firmicutes and the genus Sporosarcina, which prefer growing in alkaline environment, dominated the aerobic landfills during the high temperature stage. The predicted metabolic functions mainly included manganese oxidation, chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, and the oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Additionally, MSW water content showed a positive linear relationship with the abundance of manganese oxidation functions and a negative relationship with chemoheterotrophy functions. In conclusion, the microbial inoculum can survive in aerobic landfill reactors and accelerate the early stabilization process, especially under low water content (37.5%) conditions. These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the microbial enhancement technology in landfill remediation engineering.