Abstract: As a region with a high geochemical background in heavy metals and a key source of non-ferrous metals in China, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region faces significant soil pollution challenges. In this study, we employed a random forest model, GIS technology, and field sampling surveys to comprehensively analyze and compare the heavy metal content in soil across different geomorphological types in Guangxi, including peaked karst, forest karst, and isolated peak residual mountain plains. Our findings reveal that the average concentrations of soil Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn were higher than Guangxi′s background values in all three landscape types. Notably, the average Cd concentration was 4.51 times the background value, with 27.2% of Cd, 30.9% of Hg, 65.5% of Pb, and 37.8% of Zn samples exceeding these values. High concentrations of heavy metals in the karst landscape areas significantly overlap with the karst regions, primarily due to secondary enrichment and the adsorption of metal oxides during carbonate rock soil formation. The Lone Peak Remnant Plain area exhibited lower heavy metal content without significant high geochemical background characteristics. The combined effects of human industrial and agricultural activities significantly contributed to the enrichment of As and Cu in the soil. Mining and smelting activities notably influenced Cd and Zn concentrations near industrial areas; road transport significantly contributed to Hg enrichment in nearby soils, while railway transport significantly influenced Cu enrichment; urban activities significantly contributed to Pb enrichment. This study highlights the pronounced regional variability of soil heavy metal pollution in Guangxi, where the karst landscape region is markedly influenced by high geochemical backgrounds. The enrichment of heavy metals is predominantly driven by natural factors, yet it is also significantly influenced by various anthropogenic activities, particularly affecting the distribution of elements such as As, Cu, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb. This research not only enhances our understanding of the geochemical characteristics of soil heavy metals in Guangxi but also provides an essential scientific basis for the prevention and control of regional heavy metal pollution.