中国不同地区PM2.5-O3双高污染特征和对比

Characteristics and Comparative Study of PM2.5-O3 Combined Pollution in Different Regions of China

  • 摘要: 相较于单一类型的空气污染,PM2.5-O3双高污染具有更为复杂的生成和消耗机理,且在我国各地区具有不同的时空分布特征和影响因素。基于我国8个地区(东北地区、华北地区、华东地区、华南地区、华中地区、黄土高原、四川盆地和青藏高原)302个城市的空气质量数据,深入讨论2015—2024年各地区PM2.5-O3双高污染的时间变化特征以及各地区污染特征的差异。结果表明:①政府管控政策的实施使各地区2019—2024年较2015—2018年平均PM2.5-O3双高污染天数下降了82.5%。②PM2.5-O3双高污染天数与地区发达程度存在关联,2018年后经济较发达的华北、华东地区年均PM2.5-O3双高污染天数比中部的四川盆地和黄土高原多3~5 d。③高纬度地区PM2.5-O3双高污染集中在春季,低纬度地区PM2.5-O3双高污染的高发季为秋季。④华南地区由于纬度较低、冬季较温暖,有利于O3污染的形成,PM2.5-O3双高污染频发于冬季。研究显示,近年来我国各地区夏季PM2.5-O3双高污染天数显著减少,但华北、华东等地区春季、秋季的PM2.5-O3双高污染仍然存在,应根据不同地区的PM2.5-O3双高污染特征,加强春季、秋季PM2.5和O3的治理。

     

    Abstract: Compared with the single-type air pollution, the formation and consumption mechanism of PM2.5-O3 combined pollution is more complex, with obvious spatial and temporal variabilities and diverse influencing factors in different regions of China. This study uses air quality data from 302 cities across 8 regions (Northeast China, North China, East China, South China, Central China, the Loess Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the Tibetan Plateau) to investigate the temporal evolution and regional differences of the PM2.5-O3 combined pollution from 2015 to 2024. The research results show that: (1) Implementation of air pollution control policies has led to an 82.5% reduction in the regional average number of days with PM2.5-O3 combined pollution during 2019-2024 compared with 2015-2018. (2) There is a clear correlation between regional economic development and PM2.5-O3 combined pollution days. After 2018, more economically developed regions such as North and East China experienced, on average, three to five more PM2.5-O3 combined pollution days per year than the less developed Sichuan Basin and Loess Plateau. (3) High-latitude regions show peak PM2.5-O3 combined pollution in spring, whereas in low-latitude regions, autumn is the predominant season for such events. (4) In South China, the combination of lower latitude and relatively warm winters favors O3 formation, resulting in frequent wintertime PM2.5-O3 combined pollution. The research indicates that the number of summertime PM2.5-O3 combined pollution days has significantly decreased across various regions of China in recent years. However, PM2.5-O3 combined pollution events continue to occur during spring and autumn in North and East China. To effectively mitigate this issue, region-specific control strategies targeting PM2.5 and O3 during transitional seasons should be further strengthened.

     

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