Abstract: Clarifying the evolution of the spatial network of green productivity in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration holds great strategic significance for promoting coordinated regional emission reduction and high-quality economic development. This study investigates 27 prefecture-level cities within the agglomeration, using the DPSIR model to measure green productivity from 2012 to 2023. A modified gravity model and social network analysis are employed to comprehensively evaluate the spatial network characteristics of green productivity. Additionally, the QAP method is applied to explore the factors influencing the formation of network structure based on multidimensional proximity. The results indicate that: (1) Green productivity in the Yangtze River Delta has significantly increased overall, though it displays both dynamic local growth and persistent imbalances. (2) The density of the green productivity network shows a clear upward trend, with pronounced nodal characteristics. However, persistent regional disparities remain, and a ‘Matthew effect’ is evident. (3) Cities within the network sector vary significantly. Cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, and Suzhou have emerged as the central cities in the network in this region. (4) From the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity, geographical proximity significantly influences on short-term green productivity, while economic, industrial and organizational proximity continue to contribute through industrial chain integration and innovative cooperation. The research shows that there is a certain degree of spatial correlation in the green productivity across the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. However, the stability and cohesion of the network structure require further enhancement. It is recommended to promote the development of green productivity by establishing cross-regional coordinated development mechanisms, implementing differentiated development strategies, and deepening multi-dimensional proximity cooperation.