Abstract: Since 2013, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has undergone a significant improvement in air quality, marked by significant progress in the management of both industrial enterprises and mobile pollution sources, as well as the continuous implementation of clean energy initiatives. Nevertheless, as we near the conclusion of the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’, it is imperative to fundamentally eradicate severe air pollution, striving for synergistic control of PM_2.5 and ozone. To further enhance regional air quality and to promote green, low-carbon development, while also investigating practical challenges within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei atmospheric environment, this paper initiates with an analyzsis of the spatio-temporal pollution and emission characteristics of the region. Subsequently, it traces key pollution emission sectors, examining the current atmospheric environmental challenges from three dimensions-structure, treatment, and management. It then proposes corresponding measures and recommendations. Initially, to address the high consumption of coal energy, the substantial reliance on fossil fuels within industrial sectors, and the sluggish progress in altering the structure of mobile sources, it is recommended to coordinate regional resources, promote green energy alternatives, and implement clean transportation solutions, thereby facilitating structural optimization decisions. Secondly, the absence of synergistic technologies for pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, along with the lack of long-term stability in control effectiveness, necessitates research into high-precision intelligent control throughout the entire process and low-cost synergistic carbon reduction technologies for multiple pollutants. Thirdly, challenges such as insufficient precision in pollution source oversight, inadequate integration and application of multi-source heterogeneous data, and a lack of real-time pollution source tracing technology are identified. Recommendations include improving the comprehensiveness, precision, and timeliness of pollution source monitoring and oversight, and bridging data silos to establish the foundation for refined control and precise tracing. Lastly, the existing institutional framework lacks sufficient support for regional coordination, and the standards system requires further refinement. It is recommended that regions enhance environmental and economic policies to ensure policy consistency across administrative divisions, thereby providing exemplary support for the systematic development of institutional frameworks and standards.