Abstract: The extraordinary heavy water pollution accidents occurred in the Huaihe River Basin in 1994 have been paid great attention to by various sides. The background of the water pollution was introduced, the framework of water pollution control (WPC) and the relationship among its components pointed out, and the environmental problems in the river basin identified and analyzed. The research results on the strengthening of management capacity building, the formulation of detailed implementation rules, the adjustment and construction of pollution charge and monitoring systems and the treatment engineering projects were also given.