Abstract: The effects of endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs) on humans and wildlife and the mechanisms of action are briefly introduced. The subsequent experiments conducted by several laboratories have failed to demonstrate or duplicate the previously asserted synergism between estrogenic chemicals. The casuse-and-effect relationships between EDCs and reproductive alterations in wildlife and humans are still controversial among scientists. It has recently been shown that sexual disruption is a widespread phenomenon in wild populations of riverine fish throughout the United Kingdom.However,the recent researches suggest that the observed induction of vitellogenin synthesis in male fishes placed downstream of effluent discharge from sewage treatment works may be due to the natural and synthetic hormones other than the previously clained alkyl phenols discomposed from non-ionic surfactants. The currently available data are not enough for the conclusive assessment of health risks posed by EDCs to humans and wildlife.