Abstract: To properly deal with the relationship between regional development and ecological safety is the key issue in the strategy of the current Great Western Region Development.With the objective of sustainable development and by using the regional spatial structure theories,the critical factors for promoting regional development and regional spatial evolution under the circumstances of new scientific revolution and industry revolution were analyzed.The necessity to uniformly carry out the benefit principle and social equity principle was also analyzed.On these bases,the extreme significance of ensuring ecological safety in the Great Western Region Development was introduced,and suggestions on establishment of the capacitites and systems to realize “win-win”objectives of regional development and ecological safety were put forward.