Abstract: Due to unreasonable human exploitation of natural resources in recent 50 years,many environmental problems have appeared at the lower reaches of the Tarim River.In order to restore the "Green Corridor" and the environment in the downstream,the emergency ecological water transport project in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was carried out from June 12,2000.The water flowed into Taitema Lake,tail section of the Tarim River,on November 2,2001.Taitema Lake,which has been extinct for nearly 30 years,was restored with water.According to monitoring data in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in about 2 years,the response range and extent of the groundwater were described;the response intensity of groundwater level and the variation of natural vegetation in the lower reaches as a result of change of the groundwater level were also described;and the rules of groundwater response to the ecological water transport were thus analyzed preliminarily.It was shown that the response of groundwater level to the ecological water transport is very obvious to certain extent,which should bring about favorable changes of the eco\|environment in the lower reaches.