Abstract: Organic content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, lead, copper, chromium and zinc in the sediments of Chaohu Lake are determined. At the sediment surface layer,mean concentration of pollutants are 2.016%, 0.108%, 0.053%, 40.2 mg/kg, 40.1 mg/kg, 79.2 mg/kg and 123.8mg/kg, respectively. The vertical distributions of pollutants in sediment are investigated. The distributions rule is A layer (serious polluted layer)>B layer (transition layer)>C layer (normal lake mud layer). The potential ecologic risk factor is used to evaluate metal pollution in sediment of Chaohu Lake. The results show that although concentrations of metals are high than those of soil background at Anhui Province, potential ecological risk is low for the metal contamination in the lake sediments. The correlative characteristics between organic content and other pollutants are analyzed. The linear equation between total nitrogen and organic content is y=0.1194+0.0475x with 0.975 of correlation coefficient. The highly significant correlation indicates that total nitrogen and organic content have same sources. The C/N ratio and N/P ratio in the lake sediments are 18.62 and 2.12, respectively, showing no significant difference compared with other lakes with eutrophication. Organic index is higher than standard level of fertility of sediment.