Abstract: Aiming at the problems of relative standards or technical guidelines in incineration disposal of medical wastes (IDMW), a detailed analysis of the key issues such as the PCDD/DFs formatting theories, condition design, equipment choice and residue disposal is given to control the PCDD/DFs, combustion efficiency and ash treatment. It is demonstrated that the optimum combustion temperature in primary and secondary chambers is 850 to 870 ℃ and (1 000) to (1 200) ℃, respectively; residence time is more than 2 s and can be prolonged if necessary; Reynolds number is greater than (1×10~4) and the more effective incineration furnaces should have Reynolds number of (5×10~4) or greater; gas residence time in water quencher is less than 1.5 s when temperature is 180 to 550 ℃; the optimum temperature in fabric filter is 120 to 150 ℃; the PCDD/DFs mass fraction (calculated by toxic equivalence, TEQ) in slag, fly ash and bottom ash should be less than 1.0, 0.3 and 0.5 ng/g, respectively, and bottom ash should be disposed as hazardous waste if its PCDD/DFs mass fraction is more than 0.3 ng/g.