Abstract: According to researches, the main eco-environment problems in Western China could be described as follows. ① Ecological factors were threatened, manifest in vegetation decline, land degradation, water pollution and shortage of ecological water requirement. ② The ecosystem service function, such as production function, regulatory function and biological diversity maintenance function, declined. ③ Carrying capacity for social and economic development was weakened; the economy suffered enormous losses due to ecological deterioration. It is suggested that, to protect and rehabilitate the ecological environment in Western China, ecosystem management fashion should be adopted, important ecological function areas should be protected in priority, the funds for the ecosystem protection should be increased, and the ecological compensation mechanism should be established.