Abstract: The author investigated main types, environmental behavior characteristics, pollution effects, harmful properties to organism’s health of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and main research progress in China. Also, the expression of ecological toxicity, the main treatment technologies and some relative measurement methods on dioxins were discussed. The basic research of POPs’ environmental effect in China relatively lagged behind foreign advanced countries, and there are many issues need to be settled for performing the international POPs convention. Currently, it is necessary for the country to carry out environmental investigation and monitoring according to its actual situations in the field of environmental safety and health toxicology on POPs, and to set up new environmental control benchmark or risk assessment system.