Abstract: The physical properties(including microphysical properties),chemical properties and optical properties of the atmospheric aerosol are summarized,and the physical,chemical and optical properties of black carbon aerosols as well as their climate forcing effect and residential environmental effect were especially described.In addition,the secondary aerosols formed by photochemical reaction were discussed briefly.The factors influencing these aerosol properties were analyzed,and the results show that the aerosol properties could be affected by both environmental factors and inner factors existing in aerosols.In climate forcing respect,general aerosol has negative climate forcing but black carbon has positive climate forcing.Also,the principle of satellite remote sensing of aerosol and complex interrelation between these aerosol properties were discussed,and several suggestions are brought forward to accelerate the development of aerosol studies.