Abstract: The phenomenon of rapid thermal power development in China,occurring after the reform of national investment system,was focused on.The Inner Mongolia was chosen as the case study area in which 36 thermal power projects were proposed to carry out in 2004.The authors collected the relevant data from the EIA reports of these proposed projects,analyzed their environmental impact control measures,and discussed their environmental impacts at the regional level.The analyzing results indicate that the total emission control(TEC) of sulfur dioxide emissions and water consumption control measures are feasible.In the condition of the installed capacity increasing by 33.68×10⁶ kW,the amount of SO₂ would only increase 0.8×10⁴(t/a,) although all of the projects would be carried out.By the means of utilization of the urban water and mine drainage,the amount of fresh water saved would exceed 1×10⁸(t/a.)However the proposed thermal power projects demand considerable water supplies,which will worsen the local problem of lacking of water resource.As a major export region of energy resource,the Inner Mongolia deserves the development in a sustainable manner.The suggestion put forward is that the plan EIA should be employed more extensively and the index of circular economy be taken into the consideration.