Abstract: Soil samples of arable land were collected from seven regions of HunanProvince in March 2006 for studying the residues and distribution characteristic of 20 organochlorine pesticides. The EPA8081A analytical method was employed to examine samples. The results showed that the main residues of organochlorine pesticides in the paddy soil were HCHs and DDTs, the rang of HCHs content in the detected paddy soil was 1.7～25.3 μg/kg with average content of 18.2 μg/kg, and the rang of DDTs content in the detected paddy soil was 10.5～40.4 μg/kg with average content of 23.8 μg/kg. The β-HCH, DDT and DDE had comparativehigher concentration and with average content of 12.9, 11.4 and 9.8 μg/kg, respectively. The other 13 kinds of organochlorine pesticides were also found with different contents in the sample. The organochlorine pesticides contents in the paddy soil were lower than the limitation of national standard (HJ332-2006).Compared with the world's other region, these residual contents were in medium level. Risk assessment indicated that the paddy soil in Hunan Province poses a bit high risk to consumers of soil feeders.