街道峡谷型交叉口内气态污染物扩散的数值模拟

Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Pollutants Dispersion at Street-Canyon Road Intersection

  • 摘要: 对大气边界层内大气湍流和建筑物对道路交叉口处机动车排放气态污染物扩散的影响进行了研究.在计算区域内建立了三维街道峡谷型道路交叉口及其内部机动车排放的模型,并在中性层结条件下,采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)稳态κ-ε湍流模型和被动标量的输运方程模拟了模型内外的流场和CO浓度场.结果表明:① 在相同高度条件下,交叉口处与处于下风向的街区内CO浓度明显高于其他街区;②风向对污染物的输运起决定性作用,在不同高度平面内CO浓度最大值均出现在平行风向的街区内;③外部大气湍流的驱动使得垂直风向的街区内产生强烈涡旋,涡旋的输运作用导致相同高度下上风向CO浓度较高;④交叉口处气流的掺混导致气流速度降低,使得平行风向的街区内CO可以向两侧垂直风向的街区内扩散,起到了稀释交叉口处地面附近CO浓度的作用.模拟结果与风洞实验结果符合较好,验证了方法的可靠性.

     

    Abstract: The effect of atmospheric turbulence and buildings on the dispersion of gaseous pollutants emitted from motor sources was investigated at the road intersection in the atmospheric boundary layer. A three dimensional model of street-canyon road intersection with vehicle emission was built up in the computationdomain, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) steady-state κ-ε turbulence model and passive scalar transportation equation were adopted to simulate theflow field and pollutant concentration field in neutral stratification accurately. The good agreement between numerical simulation and wind-tunnel experiment proved that CFD was capable to govern the pollutant dispersion process in complex situation. The analysis of simulation results showed that: ① At the same highlevel, CO concentration at road intersection and downwind street were higher than the other three streets obviously. ② In the plane at different height, maximum pollutant concentration always occurred in the streets parallel to wind direction. It showed that wind direction was a critical factor for pollutant transportation. ③Strong vortexes in the streets perpendicular to wind direction were generated by external atmospheric turbulence drive, that led to upwind CO concentration was higher than downwind CO concentration at the same height. ④The airflowmixing induced low local airflow speed and helped CO diffuse into the two streets perpendicular to the wind direction, and thus CO concentration near the ground was diluted at road intersection.

     

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