Abstract: Based on a system dynamics model and assessment of soil quality, the optimal allocation of land resources (OALR) and the regulation of soil quality of Wuxi City were studied. The results showed that land resource allocation patterns mainly depended on the aim and modes of eco-society development, which further influenced eco-environment status and soil quality. Under the mode of giving priority to develop the economy, construction land grew rapidly, which resulted in greater environmental burden and lower food yield. Under such a future scenario, the general relative soil quality index (GRSQI) in 2030 will decrease by 1.50 compared to 2005. However, under a scenario of giving priority to protecting eco-environment, population pressure onland resources will be lighter, and the construction encroachment on arable landmay be effectively controlled. As a result, the crop yield would be steadier, and the GRSQI would decrease by 0.57 in 2030. Therefore, protecting eco-environment and enhancing comprehensive efficiency should be the key measures for regulating land resource allocation patterns in the future.