The greenhouse effect and induced global warming are both global environmental issues. Plasma decomposition of carbon dioxide can not only reduce the impact of global warming by consuming the greenhouse gas, but also obtain carbon monoxide and oxygen as by-products, which fully utilizes the carbon-1 resource. In this article, the decomposition of carbon dioxide using high-frequency coaxial dielectric barrier discharge plasma was investigated. The experimental results showed that the decomposition efficiency of carbon dioxide and the yields of carbon monoxide and oxygen could reach 18.2%, 10.1% and 4.7%, respectively, when the discharge gap was 2.0 mm, input power was 180 W, gas flow rate was 170 mL/min and the inner electrode was a smooth stainless steel tube. The results indicated that high input power and low gas flow rates with an appropriate discharge gap and inner electrode contributed to the improvement of the decomposition of carbon dioxide, and the production of carbon monoxide and oxygen.