Abstract: Based on monitoring data of soil salt content in the Qitai Oasis in the Northern Slope Area of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, the correlation between the distribution characteristics of saline-alkali soil and topographic information extracted from SRTM data was investigated, and the spatial variation and distribution based on regional topographic factors was discussed. The results showed that salinization and alkalinization of the soil occurred simultaneously in the study area where the vitriol soil and the chloride saline soil were the main soil types. The soil salt content presented a V-shaped distribution pattern of depth profile, and the surface-gathering characteristics of the vitriol salt were very obvious. At a regional scale, topography played an important role in the spatial distribution of the saline-alkali soil, with salt accumulating within the slightly sloped area below the elevation of 680 m. Alkalinization occurred in the steeply sloped area above 740 m. Alkaline-earth in the area presented a typical desalination-alkalinization feature, and the evolvement of salination had a reversed pattern to that of alkalinization. With decreased altitude, soil salt content increased and pH dropped concurrently. Topographic factors had a major effect on the salt distribution patterns within the 0-20 cm and >20-60 cm soil layers (surface layer and subsurface layer); the deeper the soil layer, the less effect from topographic factors. There was a highly significant correlation between elevation and most indices of saline soil. Compared with slope, elevation had a greater impact on the soil salinization degree and the spatial distribution of ions of salt.