Abstract: The aim of this research was to analyze the substance variation in pilot tests during the rural organic solid waste dry-anaerobic digestion process. The experimental materials were mixed with straw, garbage and livestock wastes. The organic testing parameters were linked to traditional parameters such as pH, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). The results indicated that pH in the reaction system was 7.2 initially, then decreased to 6.3 on the seventh day, and finally was maintained at 7.0-7.6. TS and VS of the substance decreased after digestion, with the degradation rates of TS and VS reaching 58.3% and 65.4%, respectively. DOC decreased from 11,000 mg/kg in the starting phase to 6,095 mg/kg in the final phase, with a degradation rate of 44.6%. COD_Cr from the fermentation liquor decreased from 11,700 mg/L in the starting phase to 2,870 mg/L in the final phase, with a degradation rate of 75.5%. After 50 days, the contents of DOC and COD_Cr were kept stable in the fermentation reactor.