Abstract: Based on the observation data collected by the lidar and the optical particle counter during 20^th-24^th, March, 2012, temporal and spatial characteristics of the aerosol vertical extinction coefficient and the distribution of number concentration were analyzed. Meanwhile, wind speed and relative humidity on the aerosol number concentration were studied combined with meteorological parameters observation results and effects of wind direction. The results showed that:1) the extinction coefficient of haze day changed significantly, of which value ranged between 0.01and 1.0, and the height of boundary layer was lower than 1km. On sunny days, the extinction coefficient ranged between 0.01-0.2and the height of boundary layer was between 1.5to 2.5km; 2) various trends for number concentrations of atmospheric aerosols were similar on haze days and sunny days, increased around 08:00, with the downward trend in temperature, to minimum and then slightly increased to a peak value in the evening, fell in night; 3) while the wind directions were between from northeast to easterly,atmospheric aerosol number concentration was relatively large. Increasing wind speed facilitates the aerosol vertical transmission and diffusion, to make the number concentration decrease; 4) during the gas-particle conversion process, increasing relative humidity was conducive to giant nuclear condensation to aerosol particles of accumulative mode; 5) when relative humidity was small, particle number concentration and relative humidity showed a positive correlation, but if the relative humidity continues to increase to a certain extent, in this paper was 74%, the negative correlation appeared.