Abstract:
The maximum capacity of pig-manure fertilization for the rice paddy in subtropical areas were determined, in order to understand the best way of pig-manure treatments by land. The purposes of treatments were to reduce the livestock waste emission, and to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer, for general purpose of preventing from environmental pollution caused by improperly application of the pig-manure and chemical fertilizer. The most suitable amount of pig-manure fertilization and the land carrying capacity of pig-manure for the rice paddy in subtropical regions were revealed by experiment through different types of pig-manure fertilization strategies, which include the MNK1level that 7,4kg/hm
2of pig-manure, 55kg/hm
2of urea and 36kg/hm
2of potash were fertilized; the MNK2level that 14,1kg/hm
2of pig-manure, 110kg/hm
2of urea and 71kg/hm
2of potash were fertilized; the MNK3level that 19,1kg/hm
2of pig-manure, 143kg/hm
2of urea and 92kg/hm
2of potash were fertilized; and the MNK4level that 23,4kg/hm
2of pig-manure, 176kg/hm
2 of urea and 113kg/hm
2potash were fertilized. This study was carried out by complementing with the measured concentrations of COD
Cr, TN, TP, and NH
4+-N in the rainfall-runoff, the rice production and the accumulation nutrients in rice paddy of each pig-manure fertilization strategy. The results showed that the rice production could be increased by 180kg/hm
2when the pig-manure fertilization increased by 60%. Compared with the MNK3treatments, the MNK2treatments reduced the loss of TN and TP by 32% and 39%, respectively. While the contents of TN、TP、TK in paddy soil was reduced by 9%,17% and 26%, respectively for the MNK2treatments, when compared with the MNK3treatments. The total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the MNK2treatments could be reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, if compared with the chemical fertilizer. It is then estimated that on the base of ensuring ecological and economic benefits, the maximum capacity of pig-manure fertilization for the rice paddy was 14,1kg/hm
2for a single production season. It can be concluded that each hectare could carry 45.38pigs per year and the rice yield can be maintained at the level of 6193kg/hm
2per season for the MNK2fertilization strategy.