不同淋洗剂对土壤中多氯联苯的洗脱

Study on the Desorption of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by Different Eluents from Contaminated Soils

  • 摘要: 应用批量平衡振荡法研究了4种化学表面活性剂〔TX-100(曲拉通X-100)、TW-80(吐温80)、SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)、CTMAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)〕、2种生物表面活性剂〔Saponin(皂素)、RL(鼠李糖脂发酵液)〕和1种生物产品(β-环糊精)对污染土壤中PCBs(以Aroclor1254为例)的洗脱效果. 结果表明:在设定的质量浓度范围内,洗脱效果总体表现为TX-100≈TW-80>SDBS>β-环糊精>Saponin>RL>CTMAB;ρ(PCBs)为10g/L时,TX-100、TW-80、SDBS、β-环糊精、Saponin、RL、CTMAB对污染土壤中PCBs的洗脱率分别为54.99%、53.12%、46.99%、25.35%、14.76%、13.70%、0%. 通过对洗脱效果、土壤吸附量、淋洗剂成本和环境友好性4个方面的综合考量,筛选出TX-100和β-环糊精2种相对较好的淋洗剂,对其洗脱时间、洗脱次数和淋洗剂pH的影响进行研究,结果表明,TX-100和β-环糊精对土壤中PCBs的洗脱率在洗脱时间为12h时出现拐点,之后洗脱率提高不大;2种淋洗剂的3次洗脱均以第1次为主,第2次和第3次洗脱对洗脱效果没有显著贡献;相同体积的淋洗剂分2次洗脱与1次洗脱效果相当;pH为4~10时,对2种淋洗剂的洗脱效果影响很小.

     

    Abstract: A batch experiment was conducted to investigate washing effects of four kinds of synthetic surfactants (i.e., triton X-100(TX-100), tween 80(TW-80), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and cetrimonium bromide (CTMAB)), two species of biosurfactants (i.e., saponin and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor (RL)), and one biogenic product (i.e., β-cyclodextrins (β-CD)) for PCBs (Aroclor1254) contaminated soil. The results showed that the overall washing efficiencies of seven eluents on the PCBs contaminated soil followed the sequence of TX-100≈TW-80>SDBS>β-CD>Saponin>RL>CTMAB. When the mass concentration of eluents was 10g/L, the elution rate of TX-100, TW-80, SDBS, β-CD, Saponin, RL, CTMAB could reach up to 54.99%, 53.12%, 46.99%, 25.35%, 14.76%, 13.70%, 0%, respectively. Taking the flushing efficiency, the soil adsorption amount, the cost of eluents and whether friendly to the environment into consideration, TX-100and β-CD were chosen as the two preferable flushing agents for PCBs contaminated soil and the influences of flushing time, elution times and the pH of these two eluents on the desorption were carried out. The results showed that the washing efficiency of TX-100and β-CD got the infection point and then the washing rate increased less after 12h elution, three times of flushing of the two selected eluents showed that the first time accounted for the major part and the second and third times contributed little to elution effects, the flushing efficiencies of the same volume of eluents divided into twice were similar to once, and at the same time, the washing efficiencies were no significant differences when the aqueous pH of the two selected eluents varied from 4to 10.

     

/

返回文章
返回