Abstract: To explore the status of macroinvertebrate communities and their response to ecological changes, an investigation was carried out in 13 sections of Hongshui River in Guangxi Province in April, July and November 2013. A total of 179 species were identified, belonging to 66 families, 20 orders and 7 classes. The dominant class of macroinvertebrate was Insecta (79.3%), followed by Gastropoda (15.1%). Macroinvertebrates were most abundant in summer, followed by spring and autumn. The results of cluster analysis (CA) showed that the 13 sections were divided into two groups. The first group was distributed in Yantan Reservoir and the main stream of Hongshui River, while the second group was located in the tributaries. According to non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis (NMDS), two clusters were separated into different areas at the ordination axes. Indicator value analysis was conducted to identify the indicator species for different clusters. Polypedilum masudai was the indicator of cluster 1 and Cinygmina yixingensis, a sensitive species, was the main indicator of cluster 2. The results of functional feeding groups showed that scrapers were the main components in Hongshui River, with its proportion being 36.45%, followed by shredders (6.15%) and omnivores (3.25%), which only accounted for small percentages. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that predator and other classes which consist of Malacostraca, Hirudinea and Acari had seasonal differences. The results of independent-samples T test showed that collector-gatherers, predators and omnivores had significant differences in group 1 and group 2.