Abstract: Six emission control scenarios were developed, and the cost-effectiveness of power structure adjustment and more stringent end-pipe control measures (i.e., desulfurization, denitration, dedusting) was evaluated. The emission control scenarios included multi-pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 μm (PM₁₀), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) emitted from power sector during 2010-2030. The results indicated that, compared with business-as-usual scenario, 33.6 billion RMB would be needed if more stringent end-of-pipe control measures were applied in 2030, and the corresponding emission reductions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 would be 1.21,8.52,0.18 and 0.10 million tons, respectively. For additional control, an additional 2.5 billion CNH is needed, and the corresponding emission reductions of NO_x, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 would be 0.45,0.23 and 0.15 million tons, respectively. The power structure adjustment would need 238.3 billion CNY, with corresponding emission reductions of SO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 being 2.48,4.20,0.18 and 0.10 million tons, respectively. The costs for unit emission reduction through power structure adjustment would be 15,4 and 34,9 CNY/t in 2020 and 2030, which is over three times those associated with stringent end-pipe control measures. However, the power structure adjustment provides more emission reduction potential for SO₂, and brings the co-benefit of lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the cost-effectiveness analysis, it is suggested to apply more stringent end-pipe control measures to reduce the emissions of multi-pollutants. Meanwhile, the power structure shall be further optimized and clean power generation technology shall be promoted to provide large potential for air pollutant reduction.