Abstract:
In order to identify and quantify sources of particulate matter, ambient samples of PM
10 and PM
2.5 were collected simultaneously from five environmental monitoring sites (located in industrial, cultural and educational, and residential districts) from February to December 2012. The samples were analyzed for elemental components, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Chemical source profiles were reported for soil dust, construction dust, resuspended dust, mobile vehicle exhaust (including motor vehicles, construction machinery and ships), biomass burning emissions and residential meat cooking. Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model was applied to analyze the source apportionment of PM
10 and PM
2.5. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of PM
10 and PM
2.5 were 153.2 and 113.1 μg/m
3, respectively. The two parameters exceeded the limit values for Class 2 according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). The most important sources were identified as resuspended dust, secondary particles and mobile vehicle exhaust for PM
10 (23.9%, 23.5% and 23.4% respectively) and as secondary particles and mobile sources for PM
2.5 (30.1% and 27.9% respectively). It is urgent to simultaneously control multiple sources to improve the air quality. The seasonal variation of PM
10 indicated the dominance of resuspended dust in spring and autumn and that of secondary particles in summer and winter.