Abstract:
The pollution characteristics and health risks of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in daily plastic products in Beijing that residents are exposed to using GC/MS and a health risk assessment model. The results showed that the concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 0.45 to 21.30 mg/kg, with a mean value of 5.98 mg/kg, in twelve kinds of daily plastic products, including wash basin, litter basket, mat, plastic stool, mop, kettle, PPR pipe, PE pipe, PVC pipe, slippers, luggage and folder. Deca-BDE was the dominant congener, representing 82.51% of the total PBDEs observed in the daily plastic products. Nona-BDE was the secondary PBDEs homologue, accounting for about 9.76%. The total concentration of tir-BDE, tetra-BDE, penta-BDE and hexe-BDE was lower than the others, accounting for about 1.77%. The recycling of waste plastics containing the industrial deca-BDE was the main source of PBDEs in the investigated daily plastic products. The PBDE exposures to residents through breathing, dermal contact and oral intake were also investigated. Daily total PBDE exposures associated with the breathing, dermal contact and oral intake were 295.77,4.29,0.00 pg/(kg·d) for adults, and 769.55,0.83,1.91 pg/(kg·d) for children, with breathing being the primary exposure pathway. Based on the health risk assessment model recommended by US EPA, the noncarcinogenic risk indexes of the PBDEs in the daily plastic products were 2.28×10
-4 (adult) and 5.46×10
-4 (children), which were much lower than 1.0, the standard recommended by US EPA. Thus, the health risk of PBDEs in daily plastic products was considered to be reasonable and acceptable in this study.