Abstract:
With a goal to screen highly efficient milling reagents for mechanochemical treatments of soil heavily contaminated with DDTs (including DDT and its derivatives-DDE, DDD), this study tested the effectiveness of ball milling reagents (CaO, CaO
2 and Fe), additives (SiO
2 and Al
2O
3) and bimetallic reagents (Fe-Ni and Fe-Zn) with no additives as blank treatment on soil taken from a former DDT production site. The results showed that the residual DDTs concentration w(DDTs) in the blank treatment declined with time. After 8 h of ball milling, w(DDTs) was 404.0 mg/kg, which was still much higher than GB 5085.6-2007, the Identification Standard For Hazardous Waste, (w(DDTs):50 mg/kg). w(DDTs) in the CaO and Fe treatment was lower than GB 5085.6-2007 after 4 and 6 h, respectively. However, w(DDTs) in the CaO
2 treatment was still at 118.0 mg/kg after 8 h of milling. Therefore, CaO and Fe were better milling reagents for mechanochemical treatment of DDTs. After 4 h of ball milling, w(DDTs) was reduced significantly from 28.55 mg/kg in the CaO treatment to 18.70 mg/kg in the CaO-SiO
2 treatment and 17.57 mg/kg in the CaO-Al
2O
3 treatment. The removal rate of DDTs increased from 99.16% to 99.45% and 99.48%, respectively. After 4 h of ball milling, w(DDTs) was reduced significantly from 193.0 mg/kg in the Fe treatment to 54.25 mg/kg in the Fe-SiO
2 treatment and 69.98 mg/kg in the Fe-Al
2O
3 treatment, slightly exceeding GB 5085.6-2007. SiO
2 or Al
2O
3 have a significantly stimulative effect on mechanochemical treatment of DDTs in soil. 3) w(DDTs) in the bimetallic Fe-Ni or Fe-Zn treatment were reduced to 27.00 and 4.00 mg/kg, with removal rates of 99.21% and 99.88%, respectively. In conclusion, bimetallic Fe-Zn has the potential to be used as a highly efficient milling reagent for mechanochemical treatment of DDTs-contaminated soil.