Abstract:
In order to analyze the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the stabilization performance of heavy metals, soils contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cd were stabilized using red mud and sodium sulfide as additives. Leaching toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals were measured. Structure and pH of the soil were studied for investigating the long-term influence of freeze-thaw on the stability of Pb, Zn and Cd in the soils after the stabilization treatment. The results of toxic characteristic leaching procedure showed that the leaching toxicities of Pb, Zn and Cd decreased significantly, with percentages of 98.5%, 99.8% and 99.7%, respectively, compared with the original soil. The bioavailability extraction test indicated available parts of Zn and Cd were reduced from 28.8% and 49.5% to 11.5% and 21.8% after curing time of 30 days. The bioavailability of Pb was raised from 52.9% to 57.9%. The stability varieties of the three metals were analyzed after 30 day freeze-thaw cycles for forecasting the release characteristics; the leaching toxicities of Pb, Zn and Cd increased by 4.27,2.47 and 89.65 mg/L, compared with the original contaminated soil without freeze-thaw cycles. The bioavailability of heavy metals in the soils after freeze-thaw treatment was slightly higher than the corresponding content of pollutants in samples without freeze-thaw treatment. The pH value of soil increased with the extension of curing and freeze-thaw time. It could be seen clearly from scanning electron microscopy images that the soil gap became wider, and the soil structure looser, after the continuous freeze-thaw cycle. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the freeze-thaw process increased the release risks of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil.