Abstract: In order to analyze the characteristics of aerosol changes at Shangdianzi background station in winters from 2012 to 2014, air environmental chemical factors were observed including air visibility, PM_2.5, BC, radiation and CO in each January to study the aerosol characteristics combined with meteorological data. The results showed that the average speeds of the ground wind in the three years were 2.5,2.4 and 2.4 m/s, and the relative humidities were 45.6%, 59.5% and 45.8%, while the MSE(mass scattering efficiency) were 5.3,5.9 and 4.9 m²/g separately. Comparing the results, the ground wind speed did not change obviously, while the relative humidity increased by 30% in 2013. Both PM_2.5 mass concentration and aerosol MSE were higher in 2013 than those in the other two years. The increase of PM_2.5 concentration weakened the solar radiation, but it did not have an obvious effect on the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA). According to the data in 2013, visibility and PM_2.5 concentrations were negatively correlated in various RH segments. The RMSE(root mean square error) reached a peak of 1.43 when RH was less than or equal to 70.0%, while it was 1.98 when the RH was greater than 70.0% and less than 80.0%, and it was 1.42 when the RH was greater than 80.0% and less than 100%. When visibility was more than 10 km, the b_ext(b_ext=2.996/visibility) and B_ext (B_ext=b_ag+b_sg+b_ap+b_sp) were roughly equal, and the three-year average slope fitting was up to 0.99; when visibility was less than 5 km, there was no linear relationship between b_ext and B_ext in 2014. The squares of linear correlation coefficient between b_ext and B_ext were 0.88 and 0.92 in 2012 and 2013, respectively.