Abstract: As solid wastes, vanadium titanium steel slag (VTS) and fly ash (FA) contain transition metal oxides, such as Fe, V and Ti, which can promote the adsorption of Hg⁰. To improve the ability of VTS to adsorb Hg⁰ and modify FA to resist sulfur, the methods of steam activation and FeCl₃ impregnation were applied to modify FA/VTS and FA/CaO. A fixed bed was used to analyze the impacts by different modification methods under different conditions, such as reaction temperature, SO₂ and HCl concentrations, on Hg⁰ adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of FA/VTS modified by steam activation on Hg⁰ showed limited improvement. The adsorption efficiency of FA/VTS modified by FeCl₃ impregnation improved significantly. When the temperature was lower than 200 ℃, the adsorption efficiency reached 93% after 20 min adsorption. The adsorption capability was 0.42 mg/g after 10 h adsorption. For FA/CaO adsorbent by FeCl₃ impregnation, the adsorption efficiency increased first, then decreased, reaching 74% after 20 min adsorption at 120 ℃. SO₂ inhibited the adsorption of Hg⁰. Comparing the two modified adsorbents, the sulfur resistant properties of FA/VTS were improved greater than those of FA/CaO. FA/VTS had a sulfur resistant potential to absorb Hg⁰ at low temperatures; it might be associated with the high content of Ti in VTS. HCl in flue gas could promote the absorbtion of Hg⁰. The Hg⁰ absorbtion efficiency of FA/VTS modified by FeCl₃ impregnation was higher than 90% after 2 h adsorption, when 30 mg/m³ HCl was added to the flue. FA/VTS modified by FeCl₃ impregnation has the potential in practice to achieve sulfur resistance and Hg⁰ adsorption at a low temperature.