Abstract: A simulated PV aeration system without batteries was proposed for domestic wastewater treatment, considering the features of rural sewage discharge, solar diurnal variation, the operation mode of SBR and the required anaerobic/aerobic conditions for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The phosphorous removal performance and mechanism were investigated. Moreover, the polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) community structure was evaluated based on PCR and TA cloning. The results showed that the novel reactor was started-up successfully within 12 days, and the phosphorous removal rate increased from 35.4% to 98.8%. Thereafter, the mean TP removal rate was maintained stably above 97%, and the mean TP concentration in the effluent was below 0.1 mg/L. At the end of the reaction stage, the phosphorous contends of the active sludge were above 60 mg/g. The biologically stored phosphorus (complex P) reached as high as 55.0 mg/g, and was the major fraction of phosphorus in the sludge. The EPS adsorbed phosphorus accounted for less than 10% of the removed phosphorus, indicating the phosphorous removal was mainly carried out by the phosphorous release/uptake process of PAO. Adsorption of EPS played an unimportant role in the phosphorus removal process. All the PAO belonged to “Candidatus Accumulibacter” lineage; type Ⅱ “Candidatus Accumulibacter,” including Clade Ⅱ A-Clade Ⅱ D, was the most enriched PAO in the reactor, containing 80.0%, 80.0% and 76.7% of the PAO ppk1 sequences in clone libraries of d30, d60 and d90.