Abstract:
Abstract:Soil environmental criteria values are an important basis for establishing soil quality standards and making soil quality assessments, and are very useful for protecting groundwater. Column experiments were conducted to study the migration of antimony (Sb) in primosol soil from Beijing. The two-site nonequilibrium model was calculated using the CXTFIT 2.1 program with the free software STANMOD. The retardation factor (R) of Sb was obtained from the modeled results, and the soil environmental criteria value of Sb was derived using the Vadose Zone Contaminant Migration Multi-Layered model (VZCOMML). The experimental results were well-fitted with the two-site nonequilibrium model (r
2 >0.97), and the fitted R value of Sb was 5.82, which was much smaller than the value (49.3) obtained from our previous batch experiments. According to the concentration of Sb (0.005 mg/L) in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB 5749-2006), the soil environmental criteria value of Sb based on groundwater protection was derived using the VZCOMML model. The derived value was 0.64 mg/kg, which was much lower than the values (3.1-41 mg/kg) of soil criteria or soil standards in foreign countries and regions. The differences were mainly caused by the smaller R (or K
d) of Sb in soils, dilution factor (DF) and the groundwater or drinking water standards (C
gw) of Sb. Additionally, the soil pH were also different in different areas. In the future, more types of soils in China should be studied to derive the exact values of soil environmental criteria. In this study, the soil environmental criteria value of Sb (0.64 mg/kg) was obtained by using the combined CXTFIT-VZCOMML model. The research is useful for the government to establish the national standards and control the water resource protection area of groundwater.